Brazil is set to make significant progress towards establishing a national social insurance scheme for catastrophic events, such as floods and landslides. Following devastating climate disasters and a persistent protection gap, the government, through the insurance regulator's dedicated working group and with strong support from Congress and the insurance industry, is working to design a public-private catastrophe insurance model. The scheme will focus on providing rapid, emergency payouts to low-income and vulnerable populations, with eligibility and funding mechanisms shaped by ongoing stakeholder consultations. While full implementation may extend beyond 2026, the year will mark a turning point as Brazil moves from political debate to concrete regulatory proposals and pilot programmes, setting the stage for a more resilient and inclusive disaster response system.