Landmark climate advisory opinions issued in 2025 by the International Court of Justice and the Inter-American Court of Human Rights will prompt both litigation and regulation targeted at corporates. The opinions clarified the obligations of states to respond to the climate crisis, including the regulation of private actors such as companies. These opinions will drive activist litigation against states to implement domestic policy change and are already being cited in a South African action challenging a government decision authorising fossil fuel exploration. Businesses will find themselves in the regulatory crosshairs if states are forced to respond. In addition, the opinions themselves will likely to be used to supplement arguments used by activists and other claimants in wider climate litigation against businesses.